Single party government, advisory government, sole government, coalition government, multiparty government, direct rule of the King were the forms of government practiced in Nepal during the decade of 2007 BS to 2017 BS. Since, more than five forms of government were practiced in a duration of just 10 years, it shows great political instability in Nepal during that time period.

  1. Interim Government Act of Nepal 2047
  2. Conflict in Interim Cabinet 2008
  3. Single Party Government of Nepali Congress 2008
  4. Advisory Government 2009
  5. Sole Government of Nepal Praja Party 2010
  6. Multiparty Coalition Government 2010
  7. Direct Rule of King Mahendra and Advisory Council 2012
  8. Sole Government of Praja Parishad 2012
  9. Government of Dr. K.I. Singh 2014
  10. Direct Rule of King Mahendra 2014
  11. Interim Government of Suvarna Shumsher 2015
  12. First General Election of Nepal 2015
  13. Coup of 2017

Interim Government Act of Nepal 2047:

Immediately after the Delhi Agreement (1st Falgun, 2007) and the announcement of Democracy in Nepal (7th Falgun, 2007) by the then King Tribhuvan, the first ever democratic constitution of Nepal was passed on 17th of Chatira, 2047 BS.

This government aimed to flourish democracy in Nepal. So, it had provisions for the legislature of people's representatives, directive principles and policies of the state, Supreme Court, PSC, advisory council, and the civil rights of people.

Conflict in the ten-membered Interim Cabinet 2008:

According to the Delhi Agreement, a 10 membered interim cabinet (5-5) was formed in coalition of the Nepali Congress (5 members) and The Ranas (5 members), in the premeirship of Mohan Shumsher (Prime Minister, representing the Ranas).

Both the Ranas and the Nepali Congress opposed each other as they had two completely different mindsets. The Ranas wanted to regain their lost power after the Delhi Agreement whereas the representatives of Nepali Congress believed that they couldn't work smoothly, with Mohan Shumsher, the then Prime Minister of Nepal. This obstructed the peace within the Interim Cabinet.

The death of Chinya Kaji, a student leader, worsen the condition. Each party blamed one another for the death of Chinya Kaji.

As a result, the representatives of Nepali Congress resigned from the posts on 25th Kartik, 2008 BS. The existing situation compelled the Ranas to resign from their respective posts, too resulting in the start of political instability in Nepal.

Single Party Government of Nepali Congress 2008:

Due to the failure of the interim cabinet, one week later, King Tribhuvan appointed a 14 membered interim cabinet under the premiership of Matrika Prasad Koirala on 1st Mangsir, 2008 with the objective to conduct the election of the constituent assembly within 2009 BS.

But, this government also failed to function as it was heavily opposed by the political parties, especially the Praja Parishad and CPN, by forming a United Democratic Front with an allegation that a country shouldn't be ruled by a single party in democracy.

Additionally, it was ineffective towards the responsibilities assigned to it by the Interim Government Act of Nepal, 2047.

Hence, this government was also dissolved in less than one year of its formation.

Advisory Government 2009:

King Tribhuvan formed a five membered advisory government on 30th Shrawan 2009 BS, which was criticized at local, national and international level for its undemocratic nature.

The King was the supreme leader in this form of government. The elected cabinet could only suggest for the activities, and/or plans, but its implementation was completely based on the King. So, this government was dissolved sooner on 2nd Ashad, 2010 BS.

Sole Government of Nepal Praja Party 2010:

Once again, a single party government was brought into practice from 2nd of Ashad 2010 BS. King Tribhuvan formed the sole government of Nepal Praja Party under the premiership of Matrika Prasad Koirala.

Nepal Praja Party was a separate political party formed and leaded by the then former President of Nepali Congress, Matrika Prasad Koirala, after the misunderstanding within the party.

Multiparty Coalition Government 2010:

Nepali National Congress and People's Congress joined the then Government of Nepal Praja Party and formed a multiparty coalition government in Falgun, 2010.

Bhim Dutta Panta, a politician and revolutionary, one of the leader of the liberation army during the revolution of 2007, died on 7th of Bhadra, 2010 that created a difficult condition for this government to function.

Dispute in the Koshi project, entry of Indian army with weapons in Nepal, political inability and other several reasons led to the dismissal of this government on 19th of Falgun, 2011.


King Tribhuvan passed away on 30th Falgun, 2011. Then, the successor, King Mahendra was crowned as the King of Nepal.

Direct Rule of King Mahendra and Advisory Council 2012:

King Mahendra, an ambitious king of Nepal, started a partial direct rule in Nepal by establishing a five membered advisory council from 1st of Baisakh, 2012 BS to 12th of Magh, 2012 BS.

Government of Praja Parishad 2012:

After the failure of several governments, King Mahendra decided to provide the governmental tasks to the first ever political party of Nepal, the Praja Parishad on 13th Magh, 2012, in order to establish political stability.

But, this government was not appreciated by the people for it tried to impose the ban on newspapers, a tool for representing the people's thoughts and opinions. And other several undemocratic practices, this government was dissolved on 31st of Ashadh, 2014 BS.

Government of Dr. K.I. Singh 2014:

Dr. K.I. Singh was called back to Nepal from Tibet and asked to form his own government. His government was formed on 11th of Shrawan, 2014 and dissolved on 29th of Kartik, 2014 with the royal proclamation of the King Mahendra.

Direct Rule of King Mahendra 2014:

On 29th of Kartik, 2014, King Mahendra dissolved the then government and imposed direct rule over Nepal via a royal proclamation. He ruled till 2nd of Jestha, 2015 BS.

Interim Government of Suvarna Shumsher 2015:

To conduct the general election for the parliament, King Mahendra formed a government under the premiership of Suvarna Shumsher on 2nd Jestha, 2015 BS and existed till the 2nd of Jestha, 2016 BS.


The Constitution of Nepal 2015 was promulgated on Falgun 1, 2015 BS.

First General Election 2015:

The government formed under Suvarna Shumsher, conducted the first ever general election of Nepal on 7th of Falgun, 2015 BS for 109 seats, and the results were announced on 28th of Baisakh, 2016 BS.

The Nepali Congress received a clear majority in the election and 19 membered interim cabinet was formed under the premiership of B.P. Koirala, the first elected prime minister of Nepal, on 13th of Jestha, 2016 BS.

Dwarika Devi Thakurani was the only woman who constituted that cabinet.

In conclusion, the election that was aimed to have conducted within 2009, as per the Delhi Agreement was conducted years later in 2015 due to extreme political instability in Nepal.